Introduction The soil erosion, caused primarily by water and wind, is one of the major contributors to the land degradation. land degradation. These, in turn diminish the availability of nutrients and water to the plants and ultimately the productivity of the land. According to the UNCCD, land degradation refers to the loss of biological or economic productivity of land resulting from land uses or from a combination of factors including human activities. Introduction. Delaying the implementation of proven actions to combat land degradation will result in the necessary steps becoming progressively more difficult and costly. ; Under the Presidency: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Deforestation is a widespread and serious type of land degradation in the region. The Global Environment Facility was established in October 1991 as a pilot program with … The concept of Land Degradation has evolved over time and its focus shifted from production-oriented to the broader scope of impact on ecosystems. The use of the WOCAT-LADA (Land Degradation Assessment) mapping approach is illustrated, with a case study from Madagascar. Environmental issues in Regional Planning – UPSC June 13, 2021 June 13, 2021 / Regional Development and Planning / Leave a Comment In this article, You will read Environmental issues in Regional Planning – for UPSC (Human Geography – Geography Optional). Keywords: Watersheds, wasteland, livestock, land degradation, common property resources. Part of: GS Prelims and GS-II – International Relations & GS-III – Climate change In news. Land degradation is any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Explanation : Land Degradation is the reduction or loss of biological or economic productivity of the land. Download as PDF. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. Read about the various soil conservation methods that are used to control the degradation of soil such as crop rotation, afforestation, terrace farming etc. This is commonly termed as Land use. Therefore we need to protect and fix the land as a vital resource.. International community came together to save land…….. Land is a vital resource to humankind, like air and water. There has also been a shift in focus from soil degradation (such as covered by the GLASOD, ASSOD and SOVEUR projects) to land degradation (e.g. Land shortage and poverty, taken together, lead to non-sustainable land management practices, meaning the direct causes of degradation. Livestock vis-à-vis overgrazing is yet another factor causing degradation of the existing common pool resources (CPRs). Although soil erosion is a natural process, human activities over the past decades have greatly accelerated it. In 2011-2013, India’s land degradation area totaled 29.3 percent of India’s total land area, representing an area of 96.4 million hectares (mha). India has raised the target of restoring land with degraded status from 21 million hectares to 26 million hectares (27% of total degraded land) by 2030. Be the first to comment Leave a Reply Cancel reply. Problems of Indian soils: For a detailed explanation, watch the below video: India faces a severe problem of land degradation, or soil becoming unfit for cultivation. About 29% or about 96.4 million hectares are considered degraded. The State of India’s Environment report, 2017 calculates that nearly 30 per cent of India is degraded or facing desertification. Land degradation is any reduction or loss in the biological or economic productive capacity of the land resource base. Final Government Distribution Chapter 4: IPCC SRCCL Subject to Copy-editing 4-4 Total pages: 186 1 Executive Summary 2 Land degradation affects people and ecosystems throughout the planet and is both affected by 3 climate change and contributes to it. Land Degradation. Land degradation is caused by multiple forces, including extreme weather conditions particularly drought, and human activities that pollute or degrade the soil. Land degradation affects some 3.2 billion people worldwide and This could further rise to 90 per cent by 2050, if not checked. Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes. Discuss efforts made by India to tackle the issue. Any land, which is left fallow (uncultivated) for more than five years is categorized as Culturable Wasteland. The condition of the soil is one of the best indicators of land degradation. This could be linked to increased droughts, such as the current one in São Paolo. At the same time, it is a major cause of other types of degradation, particularly water and wind erosion. Land degradation results in unprecedented damages to the whole living world…. Land degradation is caused largely by soil erosion, but also by water logging and excessive salinity. 4. 3. Union Environment Ministry has committed to rejuvenate 50 lakh hectares (5 million) of degraded land between 2021 and 2030. A study by Delhi-based The Energy and Resources Institute or TERI estimated that the economic losses from land degradation and change of land … Regular updates and information on degraded land is essential for the Government to plan necessary measures to tackle degradation processes and to plan for reclamation programmes. Land Degradation. Land degradation 1. Land resources: Availability and Degradation. GLADA), the latter including more biophysical elements such as water, vegetation, animals and … In UPSC prelims general studies paper geography is included as well as in the main exam’s GS paper 1. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. Back to article. The soil integrates a variety of important processes involving vegetation growth, overland flow of water, infiltration, land use and land management. Process of Land Degradation The Process of Land Degradation is outlined below: … The main reasons for land degradation are deforestation, Excessive Use of Fertilizers and Pesticides, Overgrazing, Salination, Water-logging, Desertification, mining and climate change. Wind and water erosion are the two common types of soil erosion. The land is used for different purposes such as agriculture, forestry, mining, building houses, roads and setting up of industries. Land Degradation. Planting of shelter belts of plants. INTRODUCTION The change in the characteristic and quality of soil which adversely affect its fertility is called as Degradation. What is Land Degradation - Burning Issues - Free PDF Download This is an increase of 0.57 percent compared with 2003-2005 (an area larger than the state of Nagaland). Less vegetation cover. The geography section had maximum weightage with eight questions- Q. and land degradation are also occurring. A study by Delhi-based The Energy and Resources Institute or TERI estimated that the economic losses from land degradation and change of land … LAND DEGRADATION. Even as it prepares to host a global conference on rising desertification, India faces a growing crisis of land degradation: Nearly 30% of its land area, as much as the area of Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra put together, has been degraded through deforestation, over-cultivation, soil erosion and depletion of wetlands. Download Free upsc february 2021 monthly magazine in hindi and english. In fact, according to the UNESCO, land degradation is undermining the well-being of two-fifths of humanity, driving species extinct and intensifying climate change. Soil erosion and land degradation together, constitute one of the major problems that disturb the ecological balance of the world. The UNCCD is committed to a bottom-up approach, encouraging the participation of local people in combating desertification and land degradation. Uses of Land. For reasons outlined above, poor farmers are led to clear forest, cultivate steep slopes without conservation, overgraze rangelands, make unbalanced fertilizer applications, and the other causes noted above. In this, a series of checks are put in place across the slope of a hilly surface. World is facing severe problem of environmental degradation due to rapid Increase. There are significant spatial and temporal changes in the patterns of land use in India. Land degradation working in tandem with climate change and biodiversity loss may force up to 700 million people to migrate by 2050. 96.4 million hectares. The rapid increase in human population has placed a great strain on the land and soil resources resulting in land degradation and soil erosion. It is also caused by human activities that pollute or degrade the quality of soils and land utility. The extent of forest cover in 1980 and 1990, and the annual rate of deforestation, is the subject of a current FAO project, Forest resources assessment 1990. When the fertility and crop production capacity of the land reduces, either by climatic changes or human factors, then it is known as land degradation. As per the report, nearly 30 per cent of the country’s total geographical area is undergoing degradation. Factors for land degradation: The area of land converted from Degraded in 2003-05 to No Apparent Degradation in 2011-13 was 1.95 Mha. The Amazon rainforest, the largest in the world, is losing its ability to regulate climate due to degradation from logging, forest fires and land clearance, warns a new study. Model Answers for UPSC CSE 2020 GS 1 Paper. The major cause for land-use change is agricultural land for food, animal feed and fibre and By 2050, over 500 Mha of new agricultural land will be needed to meet the global food demand which may worsen the scenario. The launch of Global Initiative to reduce Land Degradation … Land degradation means reduction in the potential of the land to produce benefits from a particular land use under a specified form of land management. Environmental Pollution And Degradation Essay for UPSC IAS IPS. Land degradation is driven by both by changes in climate or human activities. Soil erosion and land degradation through various means further affect the physical viability of the soil profile and the environment in terms of solid, water, air ratio as well as chemical and biological balances. The UN Convention to Combat Desertifi cation (CCD), of which Kenya is a signatory, recognizes land degradation as a global development and environment issue. A Centre for Excellence would be set up in Dehradun for land degradation neutrality. The land, which is left without cultivation for one or less than one agricultural year is known as Current Fallow. Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. Various move for land conservation National Afforestation & Eco Development Board (NAEB) Division of the MoEFCC is implementing the “National Afforestation Programme (NAP)” for ecological restoration of degraded forest areas. It facilitates cooperation between developed and developing countries, particularly around knowledge and technology transfer for sustainable land management. Physical Factors determining the use of land- topography, soil, climate, minerals and availability of water. Land use/cover changes had significant influence on physical and chemical soil properties leading to land degradation. Q) “India has been facing a severe problem of land degradation. Desertification is a type of land degradation in which a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. Land is a finite resource is subject to competing pressures from urbanisation, infrastructure, increased food, … What is Global Environmental Facility (GEF)? Some of them are as follows: Afforestation. It can be a factor in CO2(carbon dioxide) atmospheric concentration and is thus a contributor to global climate change. Land degradation can be caused by both manmade and natural reasons s. GK, General Studies, Optional notes for UPSC, IAS, Banking, Civil Services. Land degradation has accelerated during the 20 th and 21 st centuries due to increasing and combined pressures of agricultural and livestock production (over-cultivation, overgrazing, forest conversion), urbanization, deforestation and extreme weather events such as droughts and coastal surges, which salinate land. To curb this problem Indian government is committed to the target of UN land degradation neutrality (LDN) by 2030. In this light, explain the causes of land degradation. Changes in climate are recognized as one of the major factors responsible for land degradation affecting sustained development. This year’s UPSC Mains GS 1 has been moderate in difficulty as many questions were straightforward and directly related to the syllabus. Out of the total land area, as many as 175 million hectares suffer from degradation. UNCCD 2018-2030 Strategic Framework Made by – Aunj Raut Krishna Sashank LAND DEGREDATION 2. LAND DEGRADATION Man’s progress towards development has, however, considerably damaged our land resource base, probably since the dawn of civilization. One hectare of land in India produces 1 tonne of the crop as opposed to 6 tonnes in the U.S. because the fertility of the land is low in India. also lead to soil erosion by aggravating the natural processes of erosion. normally are not suitable for cultivation, hence, they … Changes in the characteristic of soil. What are soil erosion and soil degradation? The report-cum-atlas showed that during 2011-2013, the most recent time period to be quantified, 29.3% of the country was undergoing land degradation. Compared with 2003-2005, the country experienced a 0.57% increase in land degradation and more land has been degraded than reclaimed. Land shortage and poverty, taken together, lead to non-sustainable land management practices, meaning the direct causes of degradation. UPSC magazine covering all the monthly currentaffairs and more. Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. Significant drivers of land degradation are overgrazing, unplanned urban sprawling, and deforestation. Grassland degradation, also called vegetation or steppe degradation is a biotic disturbance in which grass struggles to grow or can no longer exist on a piece of land due to causes such as overgrazing, burrowing of small mammals, and climate change. Body. Land degradation neutrality is an idea that owes its origin to the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20) held in Rio in 2012, where member states recognised the need for urgent action to reverse land degradation. Stabilization of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes. Land degradation is any reduction or loss in the biological or economic productive capacity of the land resource base. Even if someone doesn’t take geography as the optional subject, he/ she has to study this subject in order to clear the IAS exam. The Georgian Ministry of Environment Protection and Natural Resources Protection rates 35% of its agricultural land as being degraded and, as per the Ministry of Agriculture, 60% of agrarian land in Georgia is of low or middle production quality. The land owned by the village panchayat comes under ‘Common Property Resources’. Shakeel Anwar. less than 10 per cent of the planet’s surface willhave escaped substantial human impact. There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation. Land Degradation Soil degradation is the decline in soil quality caused by its improper use, usually for agricultural, pastoral, industrial or urban purposes. Please Share with maximum friends to support the Initiative. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land … fluvial erosional and depositional landforms geography upsc ... Running water in a heavy rainfall area is the most important agent of land degradation. Globally, nearly one-third of the total geographical area faces degradation which could cost the world roughly $300 billion due to land use change, reduced crop land and decline in productivity. In this article, You will read Soil Erosion, Land Degradation, and Soil Conservation for UPSC (Biogeography). In the prelims syllabus, there are four parts such as Indian, world, physical and human geography. Yet land degradation is putting the health, livelihoods and security of an estimated 3.2 billion people at risk. The analysis reveals that 96.40 million hectares (mha) area or 29.32% of the Total Geographic Area (TGA) in India is undergoing a process of land degradation during 2011-13, which is an increase of 1.87 mha area or 0.57% of TGA since 2003-05. The major cause for land-use change is agricultural land for food, animal feed and fibre and By 2050, over 500 Mha of new agricultural land will be needed to meet the global food demand which may worsen the scenario. Farmers in India are complaining about low productivity because of various reasons and soil degradation is one of them. Land desertification is a global problem and global cooperation is needed to combat desertification. Land degradation and its Causes | UPSC – IAS. Land degradation/ Desertification. UNCCD defines desertification as “land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities”. 2011-2013, India’s land degradation area was 29.3 percent of India’s total land area, i.e. Human activities such as deforestation, excessive grazing by cattle etc. Land Degradation in India: Indian land yield is among the lowest in the world. Loss of soil fertility results in low productivity. Natural processes play a part, but humans cause most of the damage. Land degradation is the most important environmental problem currently challenging sustainable development in many parts of the world. 4-7, and 14-17 worth 100 marks. In Niger, for example, the costs of degradation caused by land use change amounts to around 11% of its GDP. LDN is defined as “a state whereby the amount and quality of land resources necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security remain stable or increase within specified temporal and spatial scales and ecosystems” (UNCCD, 2016). Contour Bunding. Globally, about 24% of the global land area has been affected by degradation and over 1.5 billion people live on degraded lands (IFPRI, 2012). Using a comprehensive analysis to determine the extent, degree, and drivers of soil degradation, Oldeman et al. Soil degradation is, in itself, an indicator of land degradation. Proper management of grazing. Area of India undergoing the process of land degradation, as of 2011-13 is 96.5 million hectares of land – 29% of total geographical area ... land pollution. It negatively affects food production, livelihoods, and the production and provision of other ecosystem goods and services. From: Soils and Landscape Restoration, 2021. Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) has been defined by the Parties to the Convention as: A state whereby the amount and quality of land resources, necessary to support ecosystem functions and services and enhance food security, remains stable or increases within specified temporal and spatial scales and ecosystems. Desertification and Land Degradation Atlas : Environment for UPSC Exams The report is a part of an on-going study, initiated by the Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, was led by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). 2. Proper management of grazing. Land degradation means: 1. Understanding and integrating mosaic pieces at the local level can help in comprehending impacts at the national and global levels as observed by remotely sensed imagery. Explain what you understand by land degradation. The target for Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) or restoration of degraded land decided then was 30 million hectares (mha). There are many ways to solve the problems of land degradation. Global Initiative to Reduce Land Degradation And Coral Reef Program. Major issues Land and forest degradation. Approximately 6.35% of land in Uttar Pradesh is undergoing desertification/degradation. Land degradation and land desertification are two main environmental issues in India. Loss of natural fertility of soil because of loss of nutrients. The mention of international financial institutions like Green Climate Fund (GCF), Global Environment Facility (GEF) and Adaptation Fund has been deleted from the finalised New Delhi Declaration: Investing in Land and Unlocking Opportunities, released on the evening of September 13, 2019.. Even though our country is blessed with wide varieties of soils with high fertility, it is being degraded day by day by various natural and human activities. To attain land degradation neutrality (LDN) it is essential to have access to relevant knowledge for decision-making (Akhtar et al., 2017).With its core concerns of conserving land for ecosystem functions and services as well as food security, LDN is dependent on sustainable land management (SLM) to stabilize - and improve - the current status (Cowie et al., 2018). Some of them are as follows: Afforestation. Barren hilly terrains, desert lands, ravines, etc. Loss of fertility inland and persistent droughts are some of the contributing factors of several wars happening in Sudan and Syria. Degradation of Amazon rainforest affecting its natural function. Pollution of water resources from the contamination of soil through which water sweeps into ground or runoff to the water bodies. Soil degradation is a serious global environmental problem and may be exacerbated by climate change. In this article, You will read Soil Erosion, Land Degradation, and Soil Conservation for UPSC (Biogeography). Soil erosion and land degradation together, constitute one of the major problems that disturb the ecological balance of the world. The Environment Ministerial Meeting (EMM) of the G20 countries took place through video conferencing. In-Detail To boost the infrastructure investment, a government ... What is the Importance of Mock Interviews for UPSC? The … The cumulative increase in desertification / land degradation between 2003-05 to 2011-13 in India was 1.87 Mha, or an increase by 0.57 per cent. UPSC Civils Daily Mains Question 20th March-2021. The Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN) Fund, co-promoted by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) and Mirova, is a first-of-its-kind impact investment fund investing in profit-generating sustainable land management (SLM) and land restoration projects worldwide. Land degradation—the deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future—is a global challenge that affects everyone through food insecurity, higher food prices, climate change, environmental hazards, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Land degradation has far stretching effects on mankind, like disease, forced migration, malnutrition, cultural damage and even war. Highlight the status of India and land-use – India faces a severe problem of land degradation, or soil becoming unfit for cultivation. ... UPSC Exam Details UPSC Exam Notification ... crops are cultivated in alternate strips which are parallel to each other on the same piece of land. The Report concludes that an urgent step change in effort is needed to prevent irreversible land degradation and to accelerate the implementation of restoration measures.

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