The corps commander, Sickles, rode to Hazel Grove to see for himself and he reported after the battle that his men observed the Confederates passing for over three hours. [45], In light of the continued Federal inactivity, by late March Longstreet's primary assignment became that of requisitioning provisions for Lee's forces from the farmers and planters of North Carolina and Virginia. He rode out onto the Plank Road that night to determine the feasibility of a night attack by the light of the full moon, traveling beyond the farthest advance of his men. 196–202; Krick, p. 40. As the day wore on, the men of the XI Corps became increasingly aware that something was going on in the woods to the west of them, but were unable to get any higher-ups to pay attention. 260–81; Eicher, pp. Captain Hubert Dilger, who commanded Battery I of the 1st Ohio Artillery, rode out on a reconnaissance mission, narrowly missed being captured by the Confederates, and rode far north, almost to the banks of the Rapidan, and back south to Hooker's headquarters, but a haughty cavalry officer dismissed his concerns and would not let him in to see the general. [52], Hooker knew Lee could not sustain such a defeat and keep an effective army in the field, so he ordered his men to withdraw back into the Wilderness and take a defensive position around Chancellorsville, daring Lee to attack him or retreat with superior forces at his back. [80], Stonewall Jackson wanted to press his advantage before Hooker and his army could regain their bearings and plan a counterattack, which might still succeed because of the sheer disparity in numbers. Beginning his turning movement on April 27, 1863, Hooker masterfully swung around toward the west of the Confederate army. [102], Sedgwick withdrew across the Rappahannock at Banks's Ford during the pre-dawn hours of May 5. 319–20; Welcher, p. 677. The corps had been formed in the spring of 1862 by merging Brig. Of 130,000 Union soldiers engaged at Chancellorsville, more than 17,000 were casualties (some 7,500 were killed or reported missing); of 60,000 Confederates, more than 12,000 were casualties (more than 3,500 were killed or reported missing). Hooker expressed his disappointment in Sedgwick: "my object in ordering General Sedgwick forward ... Was to relieve me from the position in which I found myself at Chancellorsville. Navigate parenthood with the help of the Raising Curious Learners podcast. 16–17; Krick, pp. Most of Early's combat strength was deployed to the south of town, where Federal troops had achieved their most significant successes during the December battle. Stuart's cavalry was largely in Culpeper County near Kelly's Ford, beyond the infantry's left flank. Battle of Chancellorsville, depicting the wounding of Confederate Lt. Gen. Stonewall Jackson on May 2, 1863) Late on May 6, when Lee was able to finally organize his army to attack the other Union position – under Hooker in Chancellorsville – they found only empty trenches. He decided to summon the I Corps of Maj. Gen. John F. Reynolds to reinforce his lines at Chancellorsville. His intent was that Reynolds would form up to the right of the XI Corps and anchor the Union right flank on the Rapidan River. 9–10; Eicher, p. 474; Cullen, pp. Around 5:30 p.m.,[74]Jackson turned to Robert Rodes and asked him "General, are you ready?" 196–206, 213–16; Krick, pp. The death of Jackson caused Lee to make the long-needed reorganization of the Army of Northern Virginia from two large corps into three, under James Longstreet, Richard S. Ewell, and A.P. [56], As the Union troops dug in around Chancellorsville that night, creating log breastworks, faced with abatis, Lee and Stonewall Jackson met at the intersection of the Plank Road and the Furnace Road to plan their next move. Hooker had recently taken over for General Ambrose Burnside, who was soundly defeated at the Battle of Fredericksburg. [94], By midmorning, two Union attacks against the infamous stone wall on Marye's Heights were repulsed with numerous casualties. Third, Early would have to keep Sedgwick bottled up at Fredericksburg, despite the four-to-one Union advantage there. Dilger for a time stood alone with a gun firing double-shotted canister at the attackers, then limbered up to flee as the Confederates closed in on him. [76], Meanwhile, down at Hazel Grove, the 8th Pennsylvania Cavalry were relaxing and awaiting orders to chase after Confederate wagon trains, also oblivious to the collapse of the XI Corps. 180–81; Sears, pp. [28], Hooker's second plan was to launch both his cavalry and infantry simultaneously in a bold double envelopment of Lee's army. Although a bloody and inconclusive encounter resulting in a high body count, the battle put the Confederates on the defensive and set the stage for the aggressive war of attrition that followed, ultimately spelling the South’s defeat. 136–46; Salmon, pp. Message to General Robert E. Lee from Stonewall Jackson, May 2, 1863, during the Battle of Chancellorsville, Virginia. 212–13; Cullen, pp. He left behind a brigade under Brig. Learn more about the battle. Artillerymen around the clearing began moving guns into position around Fairview Cemetery. Gen. Harry T. Hays from the far right to Barksdale's left. Lee turned back to confront Hooker who withdrew the remainder of his army across U.S. Ford the night of May 5–6. Gen. Henry J. Their first clue to the impending onslaught was the observation of numerous animals, such as rabbits and foxes, fleeing in their direction out of the western woods. Brig. It was important for Hooker's plan that his men move quickly out of this area and attack Lee in the open ground to the east. 84–86; Salmon, p. 179; Cullen, p. 34; Sears, pp. There were three battles and one cavalry raid during the campaign. His final delaying line was a ridge at Salem church, where he was joined by three brigades from McLaws's division and one from Anderson's, bringing the total Confederate strength to about 10,000 men. Sears, pp. [106], Lee, despite being outnumbered by a ratio of over two to one, won arguably his greatest victory of the war, sometimes described as his "perfect battle. As they marched north on Brock Road, Jackson was prepared to turn right on the Orange Plank Road, from which his men would attack the Union lines at around Wilderness Church. Combined with the Union force facing Fredericksburg, Hooker planned a double envelopment, attacking Lee from both his front and rear. Devens's division collapsed in a matter of minutes, slammed on three sides by almost 30,000 Confederates. And when Jackson launched his attack, he had to hope that the Union forces were unprepared. Battle of Chancellorsville was the greatest Confederate victory of the war, won against the longest odds, but for which the Confederacy paid an enormous price in the death of Stonewall Jackson, Lee’s most trusted and effective lieutenant. [104], Couch was in command on the south bank after Hooker departed, but he was left with explicit orders not to continue the battle, which he had been tempted to do. [13] It was fought from April 30 to May 6, 1863, in Spotsylvania County, Virginia, near the village of Chancellorsville. [19], With Burnside's departure, Maj. Gen. William B. Franklin left as well. Gen. William Barksdale of a Union advance against Fredericksburg. He sat in the full realization of all that soldiers dream of—triumph; and as I looked at him in the complete fruition of the success which his genius, courage, and confidence in his army had won, I thought that it must have been from some such scene that men in ancient days ascended to the dignity of gods. When comparing only the killed and wounded, there were almost no differences between the Confederate and Federal losses at Chancellorsville. Stoneman attempted to execute this turning movement on April 13, but heavy rains made the river crossing site at Sulphur Spring impassable. The Union lost 1,694 killed, 9,672 wounded and 5,938 missing; about 17,300 total. "[100], Early reoccupied Marye's Heights on the morning of May 4, cutting Sedgwick off from the town. Esposito, text for map 91; Foote, p. 315; Hebert, p. 199. Battle of Chancellorsville Thursday, April 30, 1863 to Wednesday, May 6, 1863 Major General Joseph Hooker, who replaced Ambrose Burnside as commander of the Army of the Potomac after the Battle of Fredericksburg, leads Union forces back across the Rappahannock River, this time near Chancellorsville… Following the “horror of Fredericksburg” (December 13, 1862), the Confederate army of Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Union force under Gen. Joseph Hooker had spent the winter facing each other across the Rappahannock River in Virginia. He died of pneumonia eight days later, a loss that Lee likened to losing his right arm. The regiment's commander, Maj. Pennock Huey, received a notice that General Howard was requesting some cavalry. [103], It was a difficult operation. The battle at Chancellorsville, Virginia, pitted the Confederate General Robert E. Lee against Union Major General Joseph Hooker. In. Heavy fog along the Rappahannock masked some of these westward movements and Sedgwick chose to wait until he could determine the enemy's intentions. [29], While they were under way, 10,000 men in two divisions from the II Corps would cross at the U.S. Ford and join with the V Corps in pushing the Confederates away from the river. 308–11, 350–51; Welcher, pp. Sears, pp. Jackson himself met with Anderson near Zoan Church at 8 a.m., finding that McLaws's division had already arrived to join the defensive position. At that time, Hooker's infantry would cross the Rappahannock in pursuit, attacking Lee when he was moving and vulnerable. Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the U.S. Confederate States presidential election of 1861, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Chancellorsville&oldid=991251423, Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War, Confederate victories of the American Civil War, Spotsylvania County in the American Civil War, Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia, Conflict sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia, American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places, National Battlefields and Military Parks of the United States, Articles using NRISref without a reference number, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from The American Cyclopaedia with a Wikisource reference, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Cullen, Joseph P. "Battle of Chancellorsville." 146–48. Stuart arrived with an intelligence report from his subordinate, Brig. Circled numbers indicate significant sites at the Battle of Chancellorsville: 1) main body of the Union army under Joseph Hooker; 2) main body of the Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee; 3) a detachment of Union troops under John Sedgwick; 4) and 5) a detachment of Confederate troops under Jubal Early; 6) Hooker's flank, turned in an attack by Stonewall Jackson. Salmon, pp. Brig. They would then proceed south and cross the Rapidan at Germanna and Ely's Ford, concentrate at the Chancellorsville crossroads, and attack Lee's army from the west. Hill. [49], Sykes's division had proceeded farther forward than Slocum on his right, leaving him in an exposed position. 413 guns according: Bigelow, p. 136; Gallagher, p. 7; Salmon, p. 173. Immediately following the vote, the Civil War Trust and other Coalition members began working to acquire the battlefield. 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