Use commas after introductory a) clauses, b) phrases, or c) words that come before the main clause. There is no particular rule about commas when making comparisons; it’s more according to the flow of the sentence. a. A sentence can contain two independent clauses if they're linked by a conjunction such as and, or, and but. (Without the conjunction, two independent clauses typically form a run-on sentence ). A comma is required after the final word of the first clause, before and (or whatever conjunction you're using). It depends upon your intended meaning. If you want to convey the effect of a short pause, use it. If not, don’t. The word sometimes is probably not... Commas depend on syntax as well as pacing, tone, and personal preference. There are more usages of a comma, for example, how adding or removing comma before and after a name changes the meaning of the sentence — In this Grammar.com article let us understand how to correctly use commas with names. Position “although” at the beginning or middle of a sentence. A comma comes after each noun in a list. William who bought his first house in the '80s is estimated to be worth more than 10 million pounds. This means use a comma after a participial phrase, an absolute phrase, an infinitive phrase, and a prepositional phrase. If You Use a Serial Comma, Use it Consistently. When we write sequence words like first, next, then, or last, we put a comma after those words. Think of punctuation as speed bumps for your words. When you come to one, assume that something is going to happen. Depending on which symbol it is... Often, the word “which” appears as part of a clause that isn’t essential to the meaning of the sentence. We use commas while combining multiple phrases in one sentence or writing about different items in a list. In sentence B, the first comma is correct, but the second well shouldn’t be separated from the rest of the sentence because it’s not an introductory word. Often, the appositive provides additional information about the noun or helps to distinguish it in some way. Elsewhere, and yet at the start of a sentence is rhetorical shorthand, often followed by a comma and usually meaning, "That may be so, but..." Ms. Hill, a 50-year-old voice-over actress, said she had been feeling a spiritual drift away from Christmas for several years. When forming a complex compound sentence, if the dependent clause is before the compound sentence, you can use a comma. If it’s being used as a conjunction, then go ahead and use a comma. Grammar. We'll show you how to use conjunctions, clauses, relative pronouns, and the proper way to use a comma after "and" with our comma cheat sheet. For a direct quotation of two or more sentences with the attribution at the beginning of the first sentence, put a colon, not a comma, after the attribution and place the quotation in double quotation marks. e.g., Well, I never thought I'd be here with you. Use a comma to separate items in a sequence. If you have an introductory word (or two) that is being used as an adverb (usually answers the question of when, where, why, or to what degree), then no comma. Example: The beach I went to is in Fairfield, Connecticut. Here are a couple of examples: “Someday, I’d like to … If you are being absolutely, technically correct, a comma should be used to separate two clauses when the clause begun by the subordinating conjunction comes first. “Although” may start a sentence or show up in the middle of a sentence as a conjunction. After introductory words, we use a comma to separate the introductory word from the independent clause. Here’s a tip: Commas can be tricky, but they don’t have to trip you up. In fact, a substantial percentage (often as many as 10 percent) of the sentences in first-rate writing begin with conjunctions. (The clause "who bought his first house in the '80s" is just additional information. A comma should be used after an introductory word to separate this word from the main sentence. When an introductory phrase begins with a preposition, a comma may not be necessary even if the phrase contains more than three or four words. A performative concerns the saying of something, while a declarative concerns what is said. William Scott is a millionaire. Example: Into the sparkling crystal ball he gazed. You might want first to refresh your memory about starting a sentence with but. In sentence A, there is no comma after well. If such a phrase contains more than one preposition, a comma may be used unless a … To produce this list, our team of linguists analyzed thousands of sentences and classified every comma in each sentence according to … For instance, the word might appear as part of a parenthetical, explanatory phrase. 2. The word because begins a secondary clause that provides extra detail. If a title follows a name, a pair of … We'll allow you some more commas. ; Don’t place a comma before which when which is part of a prepositional phrase. Use a comma when beginning sentences with introductory words such as well, now, however, or yes. Well is an introductory word that a comma should separate from the rest of the sentence. Otherwise, if the dependent clause comes after a comma … In formal writing, in contrast to a casual style, a so that begins a sentence is not followed by a comma. There is no need for a comma after the word condition in the first sentence or the word conditions in the second sentence. COMMA RULE #3 – THE COMMA IN A COMPOUND SENTENCE: Use a comma before and, but, … e.g., Yes, I do need that report. Notice that in each of the following three sentences, the central idea of the sentence is contained in the main clause, which in these examples is the first half of the sentence. Understanding the Grammar Rules for Placing a Comma Before But Grammarly. So in APA style, you can use a colon only after a complete sentence, and you capitalize the first word after a colon when it's the start of a complete sentence. The same rules apply for titles. ; A nonrestrictive clause is a phrase that adds non-essential information to a sentence without changing the overall meaning. Grammarly’s writing assistant can help you make sure your punctuation, spelling, and grammar … Commas indicate a pause or a list in a sentence. The question, as originally asked, reads: "Should I use capital letter after comma?” There’s a very witty answer here from Fionnula MacLiam, which I've upvoted. Main Takeaways: Place a comma before which when which precedes a nonrestrictive clause. Do you know the comma before “and” is known by the following names: Oxford Comma Harvard Comma Serial Comma Series Comma Here I’m gonna share the b... The driver was killed.” We know who James is because he is defined in the first sentence.) The correct commas after date rule is based on what type of date is used in the sentence. Whether people add a comma after an adverb at the beginning of a sentence is purely a stylistic choice. Some people were taught to prefer it one wa... It should be offset with commas). Use commas to set off phrases at the end of the sentence that refer to the beginning or middle of … No comma before even though. Even though is a subordinating conjunction. There is never a comma between an independent clause (complete sentence) and a subordinate (or dependent) clause. However, if the subordinate clause comes before the complete sentence, use a comma after it. An appositive is a word or phrase that refers to the same thing as another noun in the same sentence. ; Don’t use a comma before which when it’s used to pose an indirect question. Q. If you have the month-date-year format, a comma is always required after the year. Use a comma when the dependent clause comes first. I would use a comma after similarly and not before I consider in any of the sentences, including 'In graphic design I consider the use of color'. When there is a one word introductory adverb at the beginning of a sentence (such as “sometimes”) or a short prepositional phrase (up to three words), it is optional to use a comma after it. Normally, such a comma would be used to provide emphasis. When you use “which” after a preposition, you won’t need an additional punctuation mark. You only add one when there is an adverbial clause or an extra word or phrase following it. Commas with Introductory Phrases Commas almost always follow phrases at the beginning of sentences; use the comma to separate the phrase from the independent clause. When there is a one word introductory adverb at the beginning of a sentence (such as “sometimes”) or a short prepositional phrase (up to three word... 2. In other words, after only something that could stand on its own as a complete sentence. Comma with an Appositive. It has been so for centuries, and even the most conservative grammarians have followed this practice.—CMS, 5.206. Only if sometimes is followed by rising intonation, which is what a comma stands for in written language. Don’t let anybody hand you some cockamami... About the Book Author Introductory words, like introductory phrases, require a comma. I’m not going to give you the grammatical distinction between the two. Instead I'll give you the practical usage difference, which will be more hel... Make sure that you are using “although” as your first word of the sentence, or after a comma in the middle of a sentence. … Is it necessary to use a comma after words like next, then, after that, last, and finally when they are the beginning of a sentence? Common starter words for introductory clauses that should be followed by a comma include after, although, as, because, if, since, when, while.. If you type “comma” and “but” into Google, the search engine will give you some autosuggestions including: “comma after but at beginning of sentence” and “is there a comma before or after but.” According to editors and grammarians, there is no comma after the word but at the beginning of a sentence.

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