1 Introduction Land and soil degradation assessments have recently become more fashionable responding to environmental concerns particularly in industrial countries, following the lead in developing countries that have claimed significant effects of land degradation on their agricultural production and food security. i t directly affects the livelihoods of millions of people, many of them poor and vulnerable in the world’s drylands, where more than 500 million hectares of land is degraded. Other Complex Causes 4.4. Land degradation encompasses the whole environment including individual factors such as soils, water re-sources (surface and ground), forests (woodlands), grasslands (rangelands), croplands (rainfed and irrigated) and biodiversity (animals, vegetative cover and soil) [5]. 2000; Bezuayehu et al. The importance of land degradation in Calabar South is enhanced because of its impact on food security and quality of the environments. Land degradation reduces land productivity and increases the workload of managing the 42 land, affecting women disproportionally in some regions. Abstract. Land degradation can be viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable (Eswaran, 2001). Consequences of land degradation 6. The process works through a cycle known as land degradation cycle. 2.1. Degradation is currently affecting 25% of Earth's land and 40% of Earth's agricultural land. i t also negatively affects the world’s ability I describe the national and global causes and consequences of environmental degradation and social injustice. Let us check what environmental degradation is, its causes and effects. Land is a vital resource to humankind, like air and water. Besides this, a nature itself is also responsible for land degradation. Land degradation in most developing countries is becoming a major constraint to future growth and development of rural livelihoods. As a result, proper plans to conserve and manage ‘high-risk land degradation’ areas are either inadequate or absent (Upadhyay, 1991; Arhonditsis et al., Most of the soil is lost through the surface runoff. In some humid regions, losses are as high as 50-60% of the annual rainfall. land, lack of interest in agriculture, conventional system of irrigation, Real Estate companies etc are playing a critical role for decreasing agricultural land. ger to land degradation and there is a clear need to consider carefully how climate induces and influences land degradation. Land and Soil Degradation Assessment 1951 Words | 8 Pages. Flood, drought and salinity due to climate change are very common in Bangladesh thus the result is land degradation. 1999). Land degradation reduced livestock productivity as a result of reduced grazing resources, loss of nutritious plants and grass species (Fitsum et al. Land degradation occurs when the crucial ecosystem processes are disturbed in a negative way due to use of land, causing lost of vegetation cover, and soil fertility affecting the main processes and functions of the ecosystems. 1960s. An observation of the direct human consequences of Harmful consequences of this degradation to human health are already being felt and could grow significantly worse over the next 50 years. Climate Change and Land: An IPCC special report on climate change, desertification, land degradation, sustainable land management, food security, One of the biggest causes of land degradation is overgrazing. Overgrazing occurs when animals such as cattle, goats, sheep, etc feed on the grass excessively. Different studies have examined the effects of land use/ Global Land Outlook 4. result of land degradation. has been collected from different official records and libraries. Land Degradation . From the various effects of land and soil degradation observed, lost productivity of the land/soil is one, and some estimates indicate that productivity may have reduced by 20 to 30%. Specific objectives of the study are: To determine the major causes of soil erosion and deforestation through interviews with both farmers and experts, as well as through observation and expert judgment. Suggested methods in reducing land degradation include the following: Gardening, Conservation Tillage, Using Fertilizers, Afforestation and Reforestation, Constructing Wind Breakers and Responsible Industrial and Chemical Waste Management. Soil degradation is, in itself, an indicator of land degradation. 4. Degradation is currently affecting 25% of Earth's land and 40% of Earth's agricultural land. There is much less information on the impact on the ground of these actions. Environmental degradation poses a significant threat to human health worldwide. land degradation (E) are in good agreement with scientific studies on land degradation (C) from this region, as concerns changes in the vegetation cover and erosion processes (eg Krings 1979; Mainguet et al. 1979; Lindqvist & Tengberg 1993; Tengberg 1994). Erosion as a result of overgrazing can lead to severe land degradation. Since there is an exposed and empty soil without its vegetal cover its operational state diminishes, since the roots can not deepen and they do not count also with the required humidity. of deterioration . the extent and effect ofland degradation. Examples of possible winners include: • Immediate land users at the site of the degradation: if land users were to have to spend more money to control the land degradation than they would gain in the consequent increase in production, then they would, on balance, be winners in allowing land degradation to continue. This chapter addresses the status and causes of land degradation in northern Ethiopia over the last century. UN Convention to Combat Desertification. OSD- Principal, Department of Commerce, Delhi College of Arts and Commerce, Netaji Nagar, University of Delhi, Delhi-110023, India. Deforestation: Forests play an important role in maintaining fertility of soil by shedding their leaves … Research into the causes of land degradation 4.1. impacts of land degradation and a good assessment base of the proximate and root causes. Forest degradation occurs when the ecosystem functions of the forest are degraded but where the area remains forested rather cleared (Anon., 2010). proceeding in accelerated rates and the cumulative effects push the land towards degradation. Because of and land degradation are also occurring. livestock populations coupled with the effects of recurrent drought have led to a serious degradation of vegetational cover, erosion, and the depletion of soil fertility on a large scale in many parts of sub -Saharan Africa. Rajiv Chopra . Download full-text PDF Read full-text. environment is affected by one or more combinations of human induced processes. While annual runoff losses are muc… The condition of the soil is one of the best indicators of land degradation. Extent and rate of land degradation Global assessment of land degradation is not an easy task, and a wide range of meth-ods are used, including expert judgement, remote sensing and modeling. Cultivating Steep Slopes 4.2. Linkages with poverty are well established and current remedial programs can be identified. Runoff levels vary greatly from region to region and from soil to soil. L.-re as a process that lowers the productvity of the land, assuming TS 1D – Environment and Land Use Planning Angela K. Etuonovbe The Devastating Effects of Environmental Degradation - A Case Study of the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria FIG Working Week 2009 Surveyors Key Role in Accelerated Development Eilat, Israel, 3–8 May, 2009 2/14 The Devastating Effects of Environmental Degradation The damage to soil, loss of habitat, water shortages, and siltation reduce biodiversity and ecosystem services and has economic consequences, Land degradation manifests itself in many forms; among them are soil erosion, increased sediment loading of water bodies, loss of soil fertility, salinity, reduced ground cover, and the reduced carrying capacity of pastures. Natural hazards are the conditions of the physical environment which lead to the existence of a high degradation hazard, for example steep slopes as a hazard for water erosion. About 40-75% of the world’s agricultural land’s productivity is reduced due to land degradation (Baylis et al., 2012; UNCCD, 2013). The purpose of this paper is to assess the extent of land degradation in Ethiopia, review its causes, take stock of past attempts to remedy the problems, and suggest appropriate fiture investment prorities. land degradation in Ethiopia is bound to proceed at aggravated rates unless significant progress is made in conservation, rehabilitation, and restoration. land degradation responsible for the decline in land productivity in turn reducing income of farm households in Ethiopia. It is viewed as any change or disturbance to the land perceived to be deleterious or undesirable. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019. The precipitation or rainfall of the area, that is discharged from the area through stream channels and is thus lost without entering the soil, is called surface runoff. Over and above, discussion and focused interviews were held with various stakeholders to gain insight into the problems related to resource degradation and its … Deforestation and desertification Desertification in the West Sahel 4.3. The causes of land degradation can be divided into natural hazards, direct causes, and underlying causes. acting upon the land. Land degradation is a process in which the value of the biophysical environment is affected by a combination of human-induced processes acting upon the land. Land degradation is a decline of the economic and biological productivity of land because of human treatment.19 It includes soil degradation, human impact on water resources, deforestation and the decline of rangelands used for grazing.20 Each year this degradation costs the world 6.3 Natural hazards are excluded as a cause; however human activities can indirectly affect phenomena such as floods and bush fires. Some per­ ceivethat land degradation poses a potential threatto global food supplies over the long term (Pimentel et al. Land degradation is defin-. Environmental degradation is the disintegration of the earth or. The resources get depleted and the quality of … Because environment and health are so intimately linked, so too should be environmental and health policies. Environmental Degradation in India: Causes and Consequences . Sequential and Unanticipated Cause-effect Situations 4.5 International Research Efforts 5. This has strong impact on the Thirty per cent of the earth s land area or abou t 3.9 billion hectares is covered by forests. It was estimated that the original forest cover was approximately six billion hectares (Bryant et 2002). Surface runoff reduces or even prevents percolation of water into the ground. exchange. Integrated solutions and the delimitation of planning regions 6.1. Effects focus on atmosphere, human health and nature.Environmental degradation means reduction in the quality of the environment due to man made and natural factors. The environmental consequences of land degradation are vast, including amplified soil losses, water quality deterioration, biodiversity decline and degradation of ecosystem services and corresponding values, especially if actual land uses disrespect capability (natural use), in which cases land is in a … Land degradation—the deterioration or loss of the productive capacity of the soils for present and future—is a global challenge that affects everyone through food insecurity, higher food prices, climate change, environmental hazards, and the loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Citing studies in Africa, Asia, and … Land degradation is a concept in which the value of the biophysical. It is clear that the impact of land degradation is a drain on economic growth in Land degradation and climate change act as Degradation of the world’s arable land and top soil are might be a significant issue for the future – some estimates indicate we may only have 60 years worth of harvests in top soil left in some countries The map of the study area is presented on the next page. Most studies of the effects of land degradation focus on selected measures of productivity, but land degradation may also affect food security, through its impacts on food production as well as on incomes and food prices. The consequences The impacts of land degradation and desertifi cation include a reduction in crop and pasture productivity and fuelwood and non-timber forest products, which are closely linked to poverty and food insecurity. Assessment on Land Degradation and Restoration - Summary for Policy Makers 3. Land degradation is, usually, the result of … 1995; Brown and Kane 1994), while others argue that land degradation is overestimated and, in any event, relatively unimportantto global food supplies (Crosson 1994). Let us find out what surface runoff means. The soil integrates a variety of important processes involving vegetation growth, overland flow of water, infiltration, land use and land management. land degradation as the long-term reduction in the capacity of the land to perform ecosystem functions and services (including those of agro-ecosystems and urban systems) that support society and development (LADA, 2005). 2017. land use, physical characteristics, industry etc. land degradation is a critical global environmental issue. Due to land degradation, increased runoff and reduced infiltration contributes to flooding problem (Desta et al. causes and consequences of land degradation, especially in the countries of the Mediterranean, is difficult due to the lack of necessary data and the insufficient funding for such assessment.

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